023-04-01 14:34
下面是pdf檔案.
台中榮總毒物科- 台灣常見毒蛇咬傷診斷與治療手冊(2021-05-11 製作)(毛彥喬主任同意可公開分享)
剛剛查詢蛇咬傷的加壓固定/使用彈性繃帶固定. 看到了這篇(台灣毒蛇咬傷預防及處置-家庭醫學科鄭可醫師), 我幾年前幫住院醫師上課的時候有看過這篇. 也引用了一些內容放在上課簡報. 今天再次看到. 我搜尋了一下自己這本筆記的文章. 在標題的部分沒有特別提到. 所以發了一篇新文章. 以後搜尋比較容易
順便將我的筆記裡另外幾篇蛇咬傷的相關文章做成目錄
2023-04-01 目錄-蛇咬傷-毒蛇咬傷-預防-治療及處置
2021-05-15 蛇咬傷無症狀患者需觀察多久
2017-11-13 蛇咬傷到底要不要使用彈性繃帶或止血帶
2017-09-18 疾管署-毒蛇咬傷-五要五不(這篇剛剛加入2023-03-28 疾管署新聞稿)
2017-09-18 冰敷對於蛇咬傷的影響
2016-06-25 蛇咬傷 到院前處置
2015-12-24 蛇咬傷沒有出現毒性症狀處置
2015-12-24 治療蛇咬傷應避免的行為
2015-12-24 蛇咬傷使用加壓固定的條件
2015-12-24 蛇咬傷考慮停用 ASPIRIN 和 抗凝血劑
2012-07-18 毒蛇咬傷時的血清注射方法
2015-12-24 10:54
Snakebites worldwide: Management(下面這段是 uptodate 的內容)
停用原因. 某些蛇毒可能導致凝血功能異常, 避免飲用酒精和服用會干擾臨床判斷的藥物, 例如抗凝血劑, 阿斯匹靈, NSAID, 乙型阻斷劑
(2023-04-01 21:33)這篇筆記, 第一次使用google翻譯出現異常. 但後來從目錄的連結再次進行點擊, 來到這篇筆記之後, 第二次翻譯又正常了.
(2023-04-01 21:33)下面是第二次google翻譯內容. 未修改)
禁止所有酒精和任何可能混淆臨床評估或乾擾治療的藥物(例如,抗凝血劑、阿司匹林、非甾體抗炎藥或 β 受體阻滯劑)。
急救——蛇毒的初步急救旨在減少毒液的傳播並加快轉移到適當的醫療中心。
一般原則 — 儘管證據有限,但已就蛇咬傷患者急救的以下一般原則達成一致 [2-5]:
● 將患者帶離蛇的領地。讓患者保持冷靜和休息,盡可能保持靜止。
●只有在對患者和救援人員都安全的情況下才嘗試識別蛇,並且不會延誤將患者送往最終醫療機構。蛇形部分不應直接處理。在最近被殺死的蛇身上,咬合反射可能保持完好並允許進一步咬合 [3]。在安全距離拍攝的數碼照片可能會有用。
●取下受影響肢體上的任何首飾。鞋子可以脫掉,但其他衣服可以單獨留下,除非明顯緊繃並導致循環系統受損。
●將身體受傷部位固定在功能位置(表 7 和圖 1)。關於相對於心髒水平的咬傷推薦高度的證據有限。與全身毒性相比,專家建議根據預期的局部損傷程度而有所不同。在毒蛇咬傷導致嚴重局部組織損傷並具有重要但不太常見的全身影響的地區(例如北美),咬傷傷口可能位於心髒水平以控制局部腫脹但不促進全身吸收。然而,在可能出現神經毒性而局部組織效應是次要問題的環境中(例如澳大利亞),咬傷應保持在心髒水平以下以減緩淋巴毒液的吸收。
●用任何堅硬的物體(例如,帶襯墊的木頭或樹枝、捲起的報紙、睡袋墊或背包框架)製作夾板,並按如下方式應用於四肢
:膝蓋。
•將手臂夾在肘部並使用吊帶。
●盡快將病人送往最近的醫療機構。
●不要讓受害人走路,因為下肢有咬傷,局部肌肉收縮會增加蛇毒的吸收。
● 除非允許輕柔包紮,或者在需要時進行壓力固定或放置壓力墊,否則請勿操作傷口。如果運送到最終護理需要很長時間並且不使用毒液檢測套件(澳大利亞和巴布亞新幾內亞以外的國家/地區),則可以進行溫和清潔。
●禁止飲酒和服用任何可能混淆臨床評估或乾擾治療的藥物(例如,抗凝劑、阿司匹林、非甾體抗炎藥或β受體阻滯劑)。
下面是 2023-04-01 21:33 第一次用google的結果.
BETA BLOCKER.
Withhold all alcohol and any drugs that may confound clinical assessment or interfere with treatment (eg, anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, or beta blockers).
FIRST AID — Initial first aid of snake envenomation is directed at reducing the spread of venom and expediting transfer to an appropriate medical center.
General principles — Although evidence is limited, the following general principles for first aid of snakebite victims are agreed upon [2-5]:
●Remove the patient from the snake's territory. Keep the patient calm and at rest, remaining as still as possible.
●Attempt to identify the snake only if it is safe for the patient and the rescuer, and it will not delay transport of the patient to definitive medical care. Snake parts should not be handled directly. The bite reflex may remain intact in recently killed snakes and permit further biting [3]. A digital photo taken at a safe distance may be useful.
●Remove any jewelry from the affected extremity. Footwear can be removed, but other clothing can be left alone, unless clearly tight and causing circulatory compromise.
●Immobilize the injured part of the body in a functional position (table 7 and figure 1). Limited evidence exists regarding the recommended height of the bite wound relative to the level of the heart. Expert recommendations vary according to the expected degree of local injury compared to systemic toxicity. In regions where venomous snakebites result in significant local tissue damage with important but less common systemic effects (eg, North America), the bite wound may be placed at the level of the heart to manage local swelling but not encourage systemic absorption. However, in settings where neurotoxicity is likely and local tissue effects are of secondary concern (eg, Australia), the bite wound should be kept below the level of the heart to slow lymphatic venom absorption.
●Fashion a splint out of any rigid object (eg, padded piece of wood or tree branch, rolled newspaper, sleeping bag pad, or backpack frame) and apply to the extremity as follows:
•Splint the leg posteriorly in extension immobilizing the ankle and the knee.
•Splint the arm to the elbow and apply a sling.
●Transport the patient to the nearest medical facility as quickly as possible.
●Do not allow the victim to walk because exertion and, with bite wounds on the lower extremity, local muscle contraction may increase snake venom absorption.
●Do not manipulate the wound except to permit gentle bandaging or, if indicated, pressure immobilization or placement of a pressure pad. If transport to definitive care will take a prolonged period of time and a venom detection kit will not be used (countries other than Australia and Papua New Guinea), then gentle cleansing can be performed.
●Withhold all alcohol and any drugs that may confound clinical assessment or interfere with treatment (eg, anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, or beta blockers).
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