蛋白尿藥物治療
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)
Diuretics, Loop
Diuretics, Thiazide
Aldosterone Antagonists, Selective
Calcium Channel Antagonists
參考資料~2015台灣慢性腎臟病臨床診療指引
慢性腎病篩檢及追蹤頻率
ACR與 PCR
尿液
白蛋白與血清肌酸酐比值(ACR)
尿液
蛋白與血清肌酸酐比值(PCR)
以尿液試紙篩檢= 但對於微量蛋白尿檢測不出來
ACR (or PCR) 可測得微量的蛋白尿, 糖尿病患建議以ACR 檢測蛋白尿
PCR=100 或 ACR=70, 相當於每天24小時流失 1g 的蛋白, 低於此數值時, ACR 與每日流失的蛋白不是線性關係. (from~英國腎臟學會)
How to measure proteinuria:
Reagent strips are a useful screening tool for proteinuria although they are not sensitive for detecting low levels of proteinuria and are only semi-quantitative.
ACR (or PCR) measurements should usually be performed in preference to 24 hr urine collections for determining urinary protein excretion. Units are mg/mmol (mg protein: mmol creatinine).
ACR is more sensitive for detecting low levels of proteinuria (i.e. negative/1+ protein on reagent strip) and is the recommend method for screening and measuring proteinuria in patients with diabetes.
Measurement of ACR forms the basis of the NICE grading system for CKD – see CKD stages
For quantification and monitoring of higher levels of proteinuria (e.g. ACR > 70 mg/mmol) PCR may be preferable.
A PCR of 100, or ACR of 70, is approximately equal to 1g of protein per 24 hr; below this level the conversion is non-linear.
尿蛋白數值
健康成人
每天尿中蛋白質排出量應≦ 150 毫克,其中,白蛋白每天排出量應為≦ 30 毫克
每天尿中蛋白質排出量大於 150 毫克,就稱為蛋白尿(proteinuria)。
每天白蛋白排出量介於 30 ∼ 300 毫克稱為微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria)
每天白蛋白排出量大於 300 毫克則稱為巨量白蛋白尿(macroalbuminuria)
篩檢建議
建議針對高危險群優先使用試紙進行蛋白尿篩檢。
對試紙檢測陽性的白蛋白尿或蛋白尿,需經定量測定確診。
尿液試紙Dipstick
尿液試紙僅能測白蛋白, 無法測得其他成分的蛋白
當尿中蛋白尿未超過
每天 300 ∼ 500 mg,尿液試紙檢查不會呈陽性反應
尿液試紙陽性通常代表已經有巨量白蛋白尿
糖尿病病人應使用 ACR 偵測與評估糖尿病腎病變。
非糖尿病的 CKD 病人可用 PCR 來預測腎臟病進展速度。