CDC yellow boook 2025 Sleep disturbance at high altitude
2024-10-11
有些相關文獻等我找到再補上來.
很久以前在醫學文獻看到. zopidem (屬於 nonbenzodiazepam)可用於高海拔失眠的人. 因為這個藥物比較不會抑制呼吸. 而一般鎮靜安眠藥物 benzodiazepine (簡寫BZD)會抑制呼吸. 因此不太建議在高海拔使用.
丹木斯對於一部分民眾. 可改善睡眠.
類固醇 dexamethasone 對於高海拔肺水腫患者的失眠有改善的效果.
另外, 有些治療是需要醫療系統提供的. 不是一般民眾自己能解決的. 例如使用氧氣. 或使用正壓呼吸器(2015 April 05 Effects of Positive Airway Pressure on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea during Acute Ascent to Altitude )
(正壓呼吸器. 衛福部網站介紹) (也有人翻譯為"非侵入性正壓通氣")
褪黑激素(或褪黑激素受體致效劑)可以改善高海拔失眠問題.
(柔速瑞(Rozerem)是一種褪黑激素受體致效劑)
褪黑激素屬於藥品. 一般民眾不能販售(101年食品藥物管理局說明含melatonin成分產品之管理原則)
Melatonin may improve sleep and cognition at high altitudes
Sleep Medicine Weekly Insider – October 5, 2024
(褪黑激素介紹. 三總藥師)
下面這段是 uptodate 內容
避免飲酒和使用藥物-在適應過程中,尤其是在新海拔的前兩個晚上,應避免阿片類藥物和中度至重度酒精攝取。這兩種藥物都會抑制呼吸,幹擾正常的睡眠模式和對海拔高度的生理反應,而這對於適應環境是必要的。服用適當劑量的溫和助眠劑,如 唑吡坦 或 苯海拉明,不會抑制通氣或影響對高海拔的適應。
關於酒精對適應和 HAI 風險的影響的研究在方法上是有限的,並且顯示出不同的結果 [ 61,62,73 ]。雖然在適應過程中儘早戒酒是最安全的做法,但傳統的禁令可能被誇大了,而且一次飲酒不太可能引起問題
High-altitude illness: Physiology, risk factors, and general prevention
Avoid alcohol and drug use — Opioids and moderate to heavy alcohol intake should be avoided during the acclimatization process, particularly during the first two nights at a new elevation. Both types of agents depress respiration and interfere with normal sleep patterns and physiologic responses to altitude, which are necessary for acclimatization. Mild sleeping aids such as zolpidem or diphenhydramine, taken in appropriate doses, do not depress ventilation or affect acclimatization to high altitude.
Studies of alcohol's effect on acclimatization and HAI risk are methodologically limited and show mixed results [61,62,73]. While abstinence from alcohol early during acclimatization is the safest course, traditional proscriptions may be overstated, and a single drink is unlikely to cause problems.
2025 CDC建議睡眠障礙的處方
1. 丹木斯
2. zolpidem 5mg
3. zaleplon 5mg
4. diphenhydramine 抗組織胺.常見劑量是50mg.
5. melatonin 褪黑激素. 通常是使用褪黑激素受體作用劑.學名Ramelteon,商品名. Rozerem(柔速瑞膜衣錠8毫克),需自費使用
5. melatonin 褪黑激素. 通常是使用褪黑激素受體作用劑.學名Ramelteon,商品名. Rozerem(柔速瑞膜衣錠8毫克),需自費使用
6. 應避免: 酒精. opiates 阿片類.類嗎啡
高海拔睡眠障礙 CDC 2025
睡眠障礙是前往高海拔地區的旅客最常見的抱怨。雖然不一定與高山症有關,但它確實令人煩惱。在海拔約2700公尺(9000英尺)以上,一定程度的週期性呼吸幾乎普遍存在,並可能肝擾睡眠。此外,睡眠階段也會改變,覺醒次數也會增加。睡眠通常會隨著適應而改善,但並非總是如此。丹木斯(乙醯唑胺)對週期性呼吸有效,並且由於它能提高夜間血氧飽和度(SpO2 ),因此也有助於改善其他睡眠障礙。
睡眠障礙是前往高海拔地區的旅客最常見的抱怨。雖然不一定與高山症有關,但它確實令人煩惱。在海拔約2700公尺(9000英尺)以上,一定程度的週期性呼吸幾乎普遍存在,並可能肝擾睡眠。此外,睡眠階段也會改變,覺醒次數也會增加。睡眠通常會隨著適應而改善,但並非總是如此。丹木斯(乙醯唑胺)對週期性呼吸有效,並且由於它能提高夜間血氧飽和度(SpO2 ),因此也有助於改善其他睡眠障礙。
不應使用酒精和阿片類藥物等呼吸抑制劑來幫助在高海拔地區入睡。
半衰期較短的催眠藥,例如5毫克唑吡坦(zolpidem)或5毫克紮來普隆(zaleplon ),通常被認為安全有效,但服用後至少應等待8小時,待藥效消退後再進行其他活動。
其他藥物如苯海拉明(抗組織胺diphenhydramine )和褪黑素(melatonin )尚未進行研究,但它們不會抑制低氧通氣反應,小劑量使用被認為是安全的。
2025 CDC Sleep disturbance is the most common complaint of travelers to high altitudes. Although not necessarily associated with altitude illness, it can be bothersome. Above approximately 2,700 m (9,000 ft), some degree of periodic breathing becomes nearly universal and can interrupt sleep. In addition, sleep stage is altered and awakenings are frequent. Sleep generally but not always improves with acclimatization. Acetazolamide is effective for periodic breathing, and since it raises nocturnal SpO2, it can help with other aspects of altered sleep. Respiratory depressants such as alcohol and opiates should not be used to aid sleep at high altitude. Short half-life hypnotics, such as zolpidem 5 mg or zaleplon 5 mg, are recognized as generally safe and effective, but at least 8 hours after ingestion should be allowed for dissipation of effects before undertaking activities. Other agents such as diphenhydramine and melatonin have not been studied, but they do not depress the hypoxic ventilatory response and in small doses are considered safe.
2024-10-11
有些相關文獻等我找到再補上來.
很久以前在醫學文獻看到. zopidem (屬於 nonbenzodiazepam)可用於高海拔失眠的人. 因為這個藥物比較不會抑制呼吸. 而一般鎮靜安眠藥物 benzodiazepine (簡寫BZD)會抑制呼吸. 因此不太建議在高海拔使用.
丹木斯對於一部分民眾. 可改善睡眠.
類固醇 dexamethasone 對於高海拔肺水腫患者的失眠有改善的效果.
另外, 有些治療是需要醫療系統提供的. 不是一般民眾自己能解決的. 例如使用氧氣. 或使用正壓呼吸器(2015 April 05 Effects of Positive Airway Pressure on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea during Acute Ascent to Altitude )
(正壓呼吸器. 衛福部網站介紹) (也有人翻譯為"非侵入性正壓通氣")
褪黑激素(或褪黑激素受體致效劑)可以改善高海拔失眠問題.
(柔速瑞(Rozerem)是一種褪黑激素受體致效劑)
褪黑激素屬於藥品. 一般民眾不能販售(101年食品藥物管理局說明含melatonin成分產品之管理原則)
Melatonin may improve sleep and cognition at high altitudes
Sleep Medicine Weekly Insider – October 5, 2024
(褪黑激素介紹. 三總藥師)
下面這段是 uptodate 內容
避免飲酒和使用藥物-在適應過程中,尤其是在新海拔的前兩個晚上,應避免阿片類藥物和中度至重度酒精攝取。這兩種藥物都會抑制呼吸,幹擾正常的睡眠模式和對海拔高度的生理反應,而這對於適應環境是必要的。服用適當劑量的溫和助眠劑,如 唑吡坦 或 苯海拉明,不會抑制通氣或影響對高海拔的適應。
關於酒精對適應和 HAI 風險的影響的研究在方法上是有限的,並且顯示出不同的結果 [ 61,62,73 ]。雖然在適應過程中儘早戒酒是最安全的做法,但傳統的禁令可能被誇大了,而且一次飲酒不太可能引起問題
High-altitude illness: Physiology, risk factors, and general prevention
Avoid alcohol and drug use — Opioids and moderate to heavy alcohol intake should be avoided during the acclimatization process, particularly during the first two nights at a new elevation. Both types of agents depress respiration and interfere with normal sleep patterns and physiologic responses to altitude, which are necessary for acclimatization. Mild sleeping aids such as zolpidem or diphenhydramine, taken in appropriate doses, do not depress ventilation or affect acclimatization to high altitude.
Studies of alcohol's effect on acclimatization and HAI risk are methodologically limited and show mixed results [61,62,73]. While abstinence from alcohol early during acclimatization is the safest course, traditional proscriptions may be overstated, and a single drink is unlikely to cause problems.
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