2018-12-16 edit.
高碳水化合物可能無法預防高海拔疾病. 這篇是 1997 年的研究. 樣本數只有 19 位. 給予高碳水化合物 68%. 和正常碳水化合物飲食 (45%) 四天. 之後在常壓低氧 (10% 氧氣) 狀態 8 小時測試. 使用路易斯湖量表評分. 並抽靜脈血. 測量一些細胞激素指標. AMS 症狀在兩組無差異. 血中細胞激素濃度沒有差異.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9184737
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9184737
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Jun;68(6):499-503.
Acute mountain sickness is not altered by a high carbohydrate diet nor associated with elevated circulating cytokines.
Swenson ER1, MacDonald A, Vatheuer M, Maks C, Treadwell A, Allen R, Schoene RB.
Abstract
We investigated whether a diet of increased carbohydrate content reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and whether concentrations of circulating cytokines rise and correlate with hypoxia and AMS. There were19 healthy volunteers who ingested in randomized order both a high carbohydrate (68% CHO) or normal carbohydrate (45% CHO) diet for 4 d. On the 4th d, subjects were exposed to 8 h of 10% normobaric oxygen. Each subject completed the Lake Louise Consensus Questionnaire (LLCQ: a questionnaire developed to quantify the common symptoms and consequences of AMS) at the beginning and end of each hypoxic session, at which times venous blood was obtained for the following cytokines: interleukins 1 beta, 6 and 8 (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosisfactor alpha (TNF-alpha). AMS symptoms did not differ significantly between the diets (LLCQ scores: 68% CHO = 10.1 +/- 3.8 vs. 45% CHO = 10.3 +/- 4.1). Cytokine concentrations did not change with hypoxia on either diet, nor did individual changes correlate with AMS symptoms. We conclude that a high carbohydrate diet for 4 d does not reduce the symptoms of AMS; and plasma cytokine concentrations do not change with hypoxia and the development of AMS and, thus, are not likely mediators of this syndrome.
Acute mountain sickness is not altered by a high carbohydrate diet nor associated with elevated circulating cytokines.
Swenson ER1, MacDonald A, Vatheuer M, Maks C, Treadwell A, Allen R, Schoene RB.
Abstract
We investigated whether a diet of increased carbohydrate content reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and whether concentrations of circulating cytokines rise and correlate with hypoxia and AMS. There were19 healthy volunteers who ingested in randomized order both a high carbohydrate (68% CHO) or normal carbohydrate (45% CHO) diet for 4 d. On the 4th d, subjects were exposed to 8 h of 10% normobaric oxygen. Each subject completed the Lake Louise Consensus Questionnaire (LLCQ: a questionnaire developed to quantify the common symptoms and consequences of AMS) at the beginning and end of each hypoxic session, at which times venous blood was obtained for the following cytokines: interleukins 1 beta, 6 and 8 (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosis
無法預防或治療高山症AMS的藥物
AMS＝高山病；HAPE＝高海拔肺水腫；HACE＝高海拔腦水腫
1. Medroxyprogesterone 30mg 一天兩次，經實驗證實，無法改善人體周邊氧氣飽和度，也無法明顯降低AMS機率(避孕藥)
2. Nifedipine 無法減少AMS，但可以減少 HAPE (降血壓藥物，降低肺動脈壓力)
3. 氧化鎂 Magnexium 無法預防AMS (吃的氧化鎂是軟便藥物)
4. 抗癲癇藥物 Phenytoin 無法預防AMS (抗癲癇藥物)
5. 止痛藥物 Naproxen 無法預防AMS，但可以治療AMS引起的頭痛 (止痛消炎藥物)
6. 利尿劑 Furosemide 無法預防AMS，且在動物實驗發現，會增加AMS和HAPE死亡率 (一種利尿劑，醫院內用來治療肺水腫，使人體脫水，但AMS和HACE的病患，通常身體已經呈現脫水狀態)
7. 呼吸二氧化碳，以增加通氣(氣體進出肺部)，無法預防AMS (二氧化碳會刺激呼吸中樞，加快人體呼吸速率)
8. codeine 無法降低AMS，但對於AMS導致的頭痛有效 (止痛藥，鴉片類，也可鎮咳)
9. 保鉀利尿劑 Spironolactone 無法降低AMS (一種利尿劑)
10. 氯化鉀和氯化鋁 無法降低AMS
11. Mountelukast 無法降低AMS
12. Coffeine 不影響AMS機率(使用每公斤4mg時) (翻譯很精簡，原文自己看一下)
13. Chachacoma 與丹木斯比較，無法預防AMS (acetazolamide，直接寫成丹木斯，因為很多登山客知道這個，是Lederle藥廠的商品名稱)
2014-04-25 其他
14. 銀杏：有人吃有效，有人沒效果，可以試試看，但不要完全依賴這個
When taken before ascent, gingko biloba , 100–120 mg twice a day, was shown to reduce AMS in adults in some trials, but it was not effective in others, probably due to variation in ingredients.
銀杏的吃法在這篇有提到～～ 每次 100 mg 一天兩次，上升到高海拔 2500 公尺之前的 3-5 天開始吃，上升到最高住宿海拔之後，再吃 2-3 天，效果不如 diamox 好。
Ginkgo Biloba 100 mg (over the counter) by mouth twice daily started 3-5 days prior to ascent then continued for 2-3 days at maximum sleeping altitude (Recommended if your patient wishes to try a nonprescription alternative; not as effective as Diamox.)
15. 紅景天～ 有人吃有效，有人沒效果，可以試試看，但不要完全依賴這個
When taken before ascent, gingko biloba , 100–120 mg twice a day, was shown to reduce AMS in adults in some trials, but it was not effective in others, probably due to variation in ingredients.
參考資料 美國疾管局, 旅遊黃皮書 2018 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/the-pre-travel-consultation/altitude-illness
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