Burns
用冷水沖洗或浸泡可以減少受傷程度以及減輕疼痛，但要避免組織凍傷或溫度過低，最近系統性回顧發現，磺胺銀比起生物合成敷料或矽敷料，更會導致傷口癒合不良，水凝膠處理的傷口比傳統換藥癒合較佳。環狀燒燙傷會因焦痂束縛而導致腔室症候群，可能需要作焦痂切開術。
A paucity of high-quality evidence exists to provide recommendations for wilderness burn wound care. Irrigation or submersion of the burned area in cool water has been shown to limit the extent of the burn and is helpful in controlling pain. Care must be taken to avoid tissue freezing and hypothermia.120 A recent systematic review of dressings for superficial and partial-thickness burns demonstrated that silver sulfadiazine was consistently associated with poorer healing outcomes than biosynthetic and silicon-coated dressings, whereas hydrogel-treated burns had better healing outcomes than those treated with standard dressings.121 Circumferential burns can result in compartment syndrome secondary to the constricting effect of the resulting eschar. Patients with circumferential burns should be watched for the development of compartment syndrome. In these patients, an escharotomy may be required.
除了以上傷口例行照護，現存證據對於燒燙傷無法提供更多特殊建議
Recommendation Beyond routine wound care as described above, we are unable to provide specific recommendations regarding care of burn wounds based on existing evidence.
建議：環狀燒燙傷如果有腔室症候群的危險，需進行焦痂切開術（1A）
Recommendation Escharotomy should be performed in circumferential burns with risk of compartment syndrome. Recommendation grade: 1A.
對於燙傷，預防性抗生素使用的研究比較少 一個系統性回顧研究發現，使用磺胺銀，相對於一般換藥，會增加傷口感染率。另一項系統性回顧研究指出，沒有證據支持使用含銀敷料或其他局部物質來預防感染，
There is little compelling evidence to support the prophylactic use of antibiotics for burn wounds. One systematic review concluded that the use of topical silver sulfadiazine is associated with a significant increase in the rate of burn wound infections when compared with dressings or skin substitutes.128 The same review concluded that there was not enough evidence to enable reliable conclusions to be drawn regarding the use of systemic antibiotics. Another systematic review concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support the use of silver-containing dressings or other topical agents in the prevention of infection.129
燙傷不需要使用預防性全身性抗生素
Recommendation Treatment with systemic antibiotics is not indicated for prophylactic use in burn wounds. Recommendation grade: 1C.
磺胺銀對於傷口癒合不利，可能增加感染率
Recommendation Silver sulfadiazine may negatively affect wound healing and may increase infection rate. Recommendation grade: 1A.
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