野外與登山醫學-治療蛇咬傷應避免的行為

SNAKE BITE

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/snakebites-worldwide-management

不要切開傷口, 不用用嘴巴吸允傷口

不需要使用機械式抽吸

不要冰敷

不要做電擊治療

Methods to avoid — The following methods, while used widely in the past and advocated by some, cause more harm than good and should be avoided [3,15,16]:

●Incision and oral suction

●Mechanical suction devices

●Cryotherapy

●Surgery

●Electric shock therapy 

常見的迷思，蛇咬傷可否打止血帶，吸出毒液。這些行為都不鼓勵。因為會對神經血管肌腱造成損傷，導致感染

吸允的動作能移除的毒液很有限，即使使用機械裝置輔助亦然，一項研究發現只有 2％ 毒液可以靠毒蛇抽吸器移出。

抽吸過程可能造成咬傷部位鄰近組織受損，毒液吸收增加

For example, a common misconception is that one should apply a tourniquet, suck out the poison, and spit it out. However, this approach is strongly discouraged, since it can damage nerves, tendons, and blood vessels and lead to infection [3,17,18]. Furthermore, venom removal by suction is minimal. This was illustrated in a study of mock venom extraction with a mechanical suction device in human volunteers; suction reduced the total body venom burden by only 2 percent [19]. In addition, patented local suction devices for snakebite exert significant local negative pressure which can disrupt adjacent tissues and may potentially enhance venom absorption with increased local tissue injury.

止血帶會阻斷動脈血流，長時間使用會導致缺血壞死

Tourniquets may cut off arterial blood flow and cause significant ischemic damage, especially when left on for a prolonged period of time [3,16].