刺絲胞看不到,可用水沖洗,非熱帶的水母螫傷,珊瑚蟲螫傷,可以用海水沖洗。
熱帶水母螫傷,可以用含醋溶液沖洗, 之後再用海水沖洗,不要用淡水,因為淡水可能引發刺絲胞釋放毒液。
不同地域的水母. 其刺絲胞對於醋的反應不同. 例如北美的水母. 如果使用醋治療水母螫傷. 病患反而會更痛.
澳洲的水母螫傷建議用醋治療.
箱型水母螫傷,醋可以抑制刺絲胞放毒,可以用含醋溶液做第一次沖洗,之後再用海水沖洗。不要用淡水。
葡萄牙戰艦(僧帽水母)螫傷,用海水沖洗。不要用醋。
熱帶水母螫傷,可以用含醋溶液沖洗, 之後再用海水沖洗,不要用淡水,因為淡水可能引發刺絲胞釋放毒液。
不同地域的水母. 其刺絲胞對於醋的反應不同. 例如北美的水母. 如果使用醋治療水母螫傷. 病患反而會更痛.
澳洲的水母螫傷建議用醋治療.
箱型水母螫傷,醋可以抑制刺絲胞放毒,可以用含醋溶液做第一次沖洗,之後再用海水沖洗。不要用淡水。
葡萄牙戰艦(僧帽水母)螫傷,用海水沖洗。不要用醋。
Treatment
Removal of tentacles
Symptomatic treatment
Various rinses to treat pain and deactivate nematocysts, depending on the specific animal
Cnidaria 刺胞動物門 sting treatment includes removal of adherent tentacles 觸手 with a forceps (preferably) or fingers (double-gloved if possible) and liberal rinsing to remove invisible stinging cells. The type of rinse varies by the stinging organism:
For jellyfish stings sustained in nontropical waters 非熱帶水域 and for coral 珊瑚 stings, seawater rinse can be used.
For jellyfish stings sustained in tropical waters 熱帶水域, vinegar rinse followed by seawater rinse can be used. Fresh water should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts 刺絲胞.
For box jellyfish stings, vinegar 醋 inhibits nematocyst firing and is used as the initial rinse if available, followed by seawater rinse. Fresh water should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts.
For Portuguese man-of-war stings, saltwater rinse can be used. 葡萄牙戰艦不要用醋 Vinegar should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts.
Any difficulty breathing or alteration in level of consciousness, no matter how mild, is a medical emergency, requiring transport to a medical center and possibly injection of epinephrine.
Symptoms are treated supportively. Pain caused by sea nettle stings, usually short-lived, can be relieved with baking soda in a 50:50 slurry applied to the skin. For other stings, hot water or cold packs, whichever feels better, can help relieve pain, as can an NSAID or other analgesic. For severe pain, opioids are preferred. Painful muscle spasms may be treated with benzodiazepines. IV fluids and epinephrine can be given if shock develops. Antivenom is available for the stings of the box jellyfish C. fleckeri but not for the stings of North American species.
Removal of tentacles
Symptomatic treatment
Various rinses to treat pain and deactivate nematocysts, depending on the specific animal
Cnidaria 刺胞動物門 sting treatment includes removal of adherent tentacles 觸手 with a forceps (preferably) or fingers (double-gloved if possible) and liberal rinsing to remove invisible stinging cells. The type of rinse varies by the stinging organism:
For jellyfish stings sustained in nontropical waters 非熱帶水域 and for coral 珊瑚 stings, seawater rinse can be used.
For jellyfish stings sustained in tropical waters 熱帶水域, vinegar rinse followed by seawater rinse can be used. Fresh water should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts 刺絲胞.
For box jellyfish stings, vinegar 醋 inhibits nematocyst firing and is used as the initial rinse if available, followed by seawater rinse. Fresh water should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts.
For Portuguese man-of-war stings, saltwater rinse can be used. 葡萄牙戰艦不要用醋 Vinegar should not be used because it can activate undischarged nematocysts.
Any difficulty breathing or alteration in level of consciousness, no matter how mild, is a medical emergency, requiring transport to a medical center and possibly injection of epinephrine.
Symptoms are treated supportively. Pain caused by sea nettle stings, usually short-lived, can be relieved with baking soda in a 50:50 slurry applied to the skin. For other stings, hot water or cold packs, whichever feels better, can help relieve pain, as can an NSAID or other analgesic. For severe pain, opioids are preferred. Painful muscle spasms may be treated with benzodiazepines. IV fluids and epinephrine can be given if shock develops. Antivenom is available for the stings of the box jellyfish C. fleckeri but not for the stings of North American species.
General care of Cnidaria envenomation
移除觸手
嚴重過免反應患者, 注意呼吸道是否通暢, 給氧, 補充足夠血管內容積, 給 epinephrine
傷口處理很重要, 感染性傷口應做 嗜氧及厭氧菌培養, 只有確定感染才給予抗生素治療, 不要給予預防性抗生素
給予預防性破傷風疫苗
皮膚搔癢可以給予抗組織胺.可塗抹局部麻醉或局部類固醇, 輕微疼痛在泡醋之後可以給予冰敷.
Treatment of Cnidaria envenomation is directed by the severity of the injury. Severe systemic symptoms may require respiratory and cardiovascular support.
Inactivate and remove tentacles as directed in Prehospital Care.
Treat anaphylaxis with airway support, supplemental oxygen, intravascular volume resuscitation, and epinephrine.
Wound care is paramount because both freshwater and saltwater contain numerous microbes. Infected wounds should be cultured for both aerobes and anaerobes. Antibiotics should be reserved for evidence of true infection and should not be given prophylactically.
Baking soda may be effective for stings caused by sea nettle 海蕁麻 (Chrysaora quinquecirrha).
Treatment of Cnidaria envenomation is directed by the severity of the injury. Severe systemic symptoms may require respiratory and cardiovascular support.
Inactivate and remove tentacles as directed in Prehospital Care.
Treat anaphylaxis with airway support, supplemental oxygen, intravascular volume resuscitation, and epinephrine.
Wound care is paramount because both freshwater and saltwater contain numerous microbes. Infected wounds should be cultured for both aerobes and anaerobes. Antibiotics should be reserved for evidence of true infection and should not be given prophylactically.
Baking soda may be effective for stings caused by sea nettle 海蕁麻 (Chrysaora quinquecirrha).
Tetanus prophylaxis should be given if indicated.
Pruritus typically responds to antihistamines. Topical anesthetics and corticosteroids may also relieve pain. The majority of mildly painful stings respond to the application of ice after the application of vinegar.
A delayed recurrent reaction may occur after 1-2 months at the contact site and should be treated with corticosteroids.
Pruritus typically responds to antihistamines. Topical anesthetics and corticosteroids may also relieve pain. The majority of mildly painful stings respond to the application of ice after the application of vinegar.
A delayed recurrent reaction may occur after 1-2 months at the contact site and should be treated with corticosteroids.
箱型水母和僧帽水母可用 42-45度C熱水浸泡 20 分鐘(43度C以上,大部分的人都無法接受吧)
不要使用甲基化酒精、酒精、尿液
. 含硫酸鋁的商業產品,效果並沒有比較好。
Inactivate nematocysts: Vinegar or acetic acid in solutions of 4-6% is the most widely accepted treatment of initial stings. Pour vinegar over adhering tentacles for at least 30 seconds. Hot water (42-45°C) for 20 minutes is likely beneficial in envenomations by C barnesi and Physalia species. Methylated spirits, ethanol, and urine should not be used. Commercial products containing aluminum sulfate have not been shown to be better than vinegar or sea water in the inactivation of nematocysts or resolution of pain.
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Removal of tentacles: Vinegar-treated tentacles may be removed easily and safely. If vinegar is not available, forceps or similar instruments are recommended. Detached live tentacles should be treated with caution as envenomation may still occur for several hours.
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