溺水 名詞定義

名詞定義 

SUBMERSION 沉入. 淹沒

DROWNING 溺斃;  NONFATAL DROWNING 非致死性溺水;  SUBMERSION INJURY  溺水;   種種名詞造成大家困惑. 

NONFATAL DROWNING 因為沉入液體造成短暫窒息, 通常要有暫時性昏迷, 最後病患存活(短暫存活) 

TERMINOLOGY — Multiple definitions of drowning, nonfatal drowning, and submersion injury have been proposed in the medical literature, creating confusion and underlining the need for a more consistent approach to reporting and studying these incidents [1]. Nonfatal drowning generally is defined as survival, at least temporarily, after suffocation by submersion in a liquid medium [5]. Most authors include the loss of consciousness while submerged as a criterion for the syndrome.

但有些學者認為, 被液體嗆到可能造成肺部併發症, 而未必有昏迷, 所以NONFATAL DROWNING 應該定義為 液體嗆到肺部, 或喉頭痙孿造成窒息, 有(短暫)存活. 

However, some authors have argued that since pulmonary complications may follow the aspiration of water without the loss of consciousness, nonfatal drowning should be defined as survival, at least temporarily, after aspiration of fluid into the lungs ("wet nonfatal drowning") or after a period of asphyxia secondary to laryngospasm ("dry nonfatal drowning") [6].

在 2010 年, AHA 急救指引建議使用 UTSTEIN DEFINITION 

DROWNING: 一種沉入液體之後導致呼吸不良的過程 

In its 2010 resuscitation guidelines, the American Heart Association recommends that the Utstein definitions and methods of data reporting for drowning and related events be used to improve consistency in reporting and research [7-9]. According to the Utstein guidelines, drowning refers to: “a process resulting in primary respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in a liquid medium” [7]. The Utstein guidelines further suggest that ambiguous or confusing terms such as “near-drowning,” “secondary drowning,” and “wet drowning” should not be used.