預防高海拔疾病最好的方式還是緩慢上升高度, 不要上升太快. 但台灣登山隊伍的特色就是上升特快
無醫師執照, 擅自給予他人"處方"藥物是違法的,
預防性給予藥物. 應該不符合緊急避難條件. 如果有登山領隊, 請建議隊員自費看旅遊醫學科門診, 由醫師開立藥物.
《藥事法》規定「須由醫師處方之藥品,非經醫師處方,不得調劑供應。」
「處方藥」是經醫師診斷,確定病因後開立處方箋,才能到藥局拿到藥品使用,藥局沒有醫師處方是不能販賣醫師處方藥(例如高血壓、糖尿病用藥、抗生素等)。
「指示藥」可以由醫師、藥師或藥劑生來指導民眾使用,購買時不需要有處方箋(例如普拿疼、胃藥(制酸劑)等)。
「成藥」不但不需要醫師處方箋,也不必經過藥師、藥劑生指示,民眾可以自行選購,但使用前須詳細閱讀藥品說明書與用法用量(例如綠油精與萬金油等)。
「處方藥」是經醫師診斷,確定病因後開立處方箋,才能到藥局拿到藥品使用,藥局沒有醫師處方是不能販賣醫師處方藥(例如高血壓、糖尿病用藥、抗生素等)。
「指示藥」可以由醫師、藥師或藥劑生來指導民眾使用,購買時不需要有處方箋(例如普拿疼、胃藥(制酸劑)等)。
「成藥」不但不需要醫師處方箋,也不必經過藥師、藥劑生指示,民眾可以自行選購,但使用前須詳細閱讀藥品說明書與用法用量(例如綠油精與萬金油等)。
如果有蠶豆症的隊員要上高山,應該要怎麼做預防,以及在高山上如果發生高山症應改怎麼做處置?
1. 如果隊員曾經發生過AMS, 行程無法緩慢爬升, 可考慮類固醇預防
2. 如果發生AMS, 給予症狀治療, 例如頭痛給予止痛藥物, 症狀更嚴重可給予類固醇治療
2. 如果發生AMS, 給予症狀治療, 例如頭痛給予止痛藥物, 症狀更嚴重可給予類固醇治療
類固醇使用方式
類固醇 dexamethasone 如果預防性使用, 通常到達最高海拔繼續服用 2-3 天, uptodate 不建議超過 7 天. 2014 WMS指引說不要超過 10 天.
from uptodate ~~ Dexamethasone: 2 mg orally every 6 hours or 4 mg orally every 12 hours
Children: Acetazolamide preferred, do not use for prophylaxis. Duration: start day of ascent and continue 2-3 days at maximum altitude, but for no more than 7 days total
Children: Acetazolamide preferred, do not use for prophylaxis. Duration: start day of ascent and continue 2-3 days at maximum altitude, but for no more than 7 days total
from 2014 WMS~~ Dexamethasone
Prospective trials have established a benefit for dexamethasone in AMS prevention.20, 21 The recommended adult doses are 2 mg every 6 hours or 4 mg every 12 hours. Very high doses (4 mg every 6 hours) may be considered in very high-risk situations such as military or search and rescue personnel being airlifted to altitudes greater than 3500 m with immediate performance of physical activity but should not be used outside these limited circumstances. The duration of use should not exceed 10 days to prevent glucocorticoid toxicity or adrenal suppression. Recommendation Grade: 1A. Dexamethasone should not be used for prophylaxis in the pediatric population because of the potential for side effects unique to this population and the availability of other safe alternatives—specifically graded ascent and acetazolamide.
Prospective trials have established a benefit for dexamethasone in AMS prevention.20, 21 The recommended adult doses are 2 mg every 6 hours or 4 mg every 12 hours. Very high doses (4 mg every 6 hours) may be considered in very high-risk situations such as military or search and rescue personnel being airlifted to altitudes greater than 3500 m with immediate performance of physical activity but should not be used outside these limited circumstances. The duration of use should not exceed 10 days to prevent glucocorticoid toxicity or adrenal suppression. Recommendation Grade: 1A. Dexamethasone should not be used for prophylaxis in the pediatric population because of the potential for side effects unique to this population and the availability of other safe alternatives—specifically graded ascent and acetazolamide.
預防性使用類固醇deXamethasone, 在海拔到達 2500 公尺可以開始服用, 連續服用不要超過7天, 類固醇停用之後可能會突然發生高海拔疾病症狀, 要小心, 類固醇劑量可以每次吃 4mg. 每 12 小時吃一次, 類固醇deXamethasone在服用之後要數小時才會開始產生作用.
http://blog.xuite.net/ymmcc/twblog/545247642
http://blog.xuite.net/ymmcc/twblog/545247642
一旦隊員出現AMS 症狀, 治療性使用類固醇, 劑量加倍, 改為每次吃 4mg, 每 6 小時吃一次.
類固醇短期用三天至五天, 理論上是不會造成副作用的.
當使用類固醇就不要繼續上升。至少應停留在原地。類固醇無法加速高度適應,停用後可能引起反彈現象。至少休息到停藥後,病患沒有再次出現高海拔疾病症狀。
其他預防方式, 緩慢爬升, 爬高睡低, 預防性服用止痛藥物
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