野外與登山醫學- snake bite -毒蛇急救器~~ 沒有用

2015年的研究提到: 先前曾建議的急救方法例如止血帶, 切開, 抽吸毒液, 強烈建議不要做了

Previously recommended first-aid measures such as tourniquets, incision, and suction are strongly discouraged.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25866646
J Intensive Care. 2015 Apr 1;3(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0081-8. eCollection 2015.
Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Hifumi T1, Sakai A2, Kondo Y3, Yamamoto A4, Morine N5, Ato M6, Shibayama K4, Umezawa K7, Kiriu N8, Kato H8, Koido Y8, Inoue J9, Kawakita K1, Kuroda Y1.
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Abstract
Snake bites are life-threatening injuries that can require intensive care. The diagnosis and treatment of venomous snake bites is sometimes difficult for clinicians because sufficient information has not been provided in clinical practice. Here we review the literature to present the proper management of bites by mamushi, habu, and yamakagashi snakes, which widely inhabit Japan and other Asian countries. No definite diagnostic markers or kits are available for clinical practice; therefore, definitive diagnosis of snake-venom poisoning requires positive identification of the snake and observation of the clinical manifestations of envenomation. Mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bites cause swelling and pain that spreads gradually from the bite site. The platelet count gradually decreases due to the platelet aggregation activity of the venom and can decrease to <100,000/mm(3). If the venom gets directly injected into the blood vessel, the platelet count rapidly decreases to <10,000/mm(3) within 1 h after the bite. Habu (Protobothrops flavoviridis) bites result in swelling within 30 min. Severe cases manifest not only local signs but also general symptoms such as vomiting, cyanosis, loss of consciousness, and hypotension. Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) bites induce life-threatening hemorrhagic symptoms and severe disseminated intravascular coagulation with a fibrinolytic phenotype, resulting in hypofibrinogenemia and increased levels of fibrinogen degradation products. Previously recommended first-aid measures such as tourniquets, incision, and suction are strongly discouraged. Once airway, breathing, and circulation have been established, a rapid, detailed history should be obtained. If a snake bite is suspected, hospital admission should be considered for further follow-up. All venomous snake bites can be effectively treated with antivenom. Side effects of antivenom should be prevented by sufficient preparation. Approved antivenoms for mamushi and habu are available. Yamakagashi antivenom is used as an off-label drug in Japan, requiring clinicians to join a clinical research group for its use in clinical practice.

KEYWORDS:
Antivenom; Habu; Mamushi; Yamakagashi
2004年發表在急診醫學期刊的研究文章, 毒液抽吸器具, 對毒蛇咬傷幾乎無用, 只能抽出體液, 無法移除毒液.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14747805
Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Feb;43(2):181-6.
Suction for venomous snakebite: a study of "mock venom" extraction in a human model.
Alberts MB1, Shalit M, LoGalbo F.
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE:
We determine the percentage of mock venom recovered by a suction device (Sawyer Extractor pump) in a simulated snakebite in human volunteers.
METHODS:
A mock venom (1 mL normal saline solution, 5.0 mg albumin, 2.5 mg aggregated albumin) radioactively labeled with 1 mCi of technetium was injected with a curved 16-gauge hypodermic needle 1 cm into the right lateral lower leg of 8 supine male volunteers aged 28 to 51 years. The Sawyer Extractor pump was applied after a 3-minute delay, and the blood removed by suction was collected after an additional 15 minutes. A 1991 Siemens Diacam was used to take measurements of the radioactive counts extracted and those remaining in the leg and body.
RESULTS:
The "envenomation load," as measured by mean radioactivity in the leg after injection, was 89,895 counts/min. The mean radioactivity found in the blood extracted in the 15 minutes of suction was 38.5 counts/min (95% confidence interval [CI] -33 to 110 counts/min), representing 0.04% of the envenomation load. The postextraction leg count was less than the envenomation load by 1,832 counts/min (95% CI -3,863 to 200 counts/min), representing a 2.0% decrease in the total body venom load.
CONCLUSION:
The Sawyer Extractor pump removed bloody fluid from our simulated snakebite wounds but removed virtually no mock venom, which suggests that suction is unlikely to be an effective treatment for reducing the total body venom burden after a venomous snakebite.
Comment in
Snakebite suction devices don't remove venom: they just suck.