統一名詞翻譯
AMS 急性高山病
HACE 高海拔腦水腫
acute altitude illness 急性高海拔疾病
Other options 其他預防AMS/HACE 的方法
安地斯山的旅客有咀嚼可可葉, 喝可可茶. 及其他可可製品, 以預防AMS的傳統, 這些預防高海拔疾病的方式到底有多大功效, 目前尚缺乏適當的研究, 因此不建議用這種方式代替已經有實證研究的預防方式.
Chewed coca leaves, coca tea, and other coca-derived products are commonly recommended for travelers in the Andes mountains for AMS prevention. Their utility in prevention of altitude illness has not been properly studied, so they should not be substituted for other established preventive measures described in these guidelines.
其他預防方式也被廣泛研究, 包括抗氧化劑, 鐵, 膳食硝酸鹽, 白三烯受體阻斷劑, 磷酸二酯酶抑制劑, 水楊酸, 保鉀利尿劑 spironolactone. 英明格(註) 都被拿來試驗是否可以預防AMS, 但以上全部直到目前並無證據支持可以預防 AMS
Multiple studies have sought to determine whether other agents, including antioxidants,58 iron,59 dietary nitrates,60 leukotriene receptor blockers,61,62 phosphodiesterase inhibitors,63 salicylic acid,64 spironolactone,65 and sumatriptan can prevent AMS, but the current state of evidence does not support their use.
強迫喝水, 過量喝水, 從來都不能預防高海拔疾病, 且可能造成低血鈉. 低血鈉與AMS症狀又有點相似.
“Forced” or “over” hydration has never been found to prevent altitude illness and might increase the risk of hyponatremia; however, maintenance of adequate hydration is important because symptoms of dehydration can mimic those of AMS.
夜間呼氣正壓可藉由一次使用的鼻夾達成, 對於預防AMS並無效果, 且這種方式可能造成遠端缺血,
Nocturnal expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) administered via a single-use nasal strip during sleep is not effective for AMS prophylaxis,67 nor is a regimen of remote ischemic preconditioning.68
雖然沒有研究檢視短期使用氧氣, 例如去氧氣吧台, 或使用小型氧氣瓶, 這些設備的容量僅 2-10 公升, 且使用時間很短暫, 不太可能預防AMS/HACE.
No studies have examined short-term oxygen use in the form of either visits to oxygen bars or over-the-counter oxygen delivery systems by which individuals inhale oxygenenriched gas from a small prefilled canister. Due to the small volume of gas (2 to 10 L/canister) and short duration of administration, these interventions are unlikely to be of benefit and, as a result, have no role in AMS/HACE prevention. Other over-the-counter products, such as powdered drink mixes, also lack any evidence of benefit.
註: sumatriptan 是一種選擇性血清張力素(serotonin)催動劑, 商品名︰英明格
註: sumatriptan 是一種選擇性血清張力素(serotonin)催動劑, 商品名︰英明格
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