(全文)2024-Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness: 2024 Update
要注意的是, 很多藥物沒有列在治療選項中, 並非不能用於特定疾病, 而是發生疾病之後, 僅給予未列治療選項的藥物是不夠的.
舉例. 丹木斯並非治療HACE的選項, 但並非不能使用, 而是HACE僅給予丹木斯治療可能無效. 治療HACE首選是類固醇.
類固醇可以治療兒童的AMS/HACE. 但不建議用於預防兒童的AMS/HACE
治療HAPE首選是 nifedipine.
威而鋼及犀利士可用於預防HAPE. 不建議用於HAPE治療
** 若身上僅有犀利士.發生HAPE還是可以嘗試使用, 但目前尚未有充足的研究證據顯示有療效.
Table 1. Recommended dosages for medications used in the prevention and treatment of altitude illness
| Medication | Indication | Route | Dosage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetazolamide | AMS, HACE prevention | Oral | 125 mg every 12 ha,b Pediatrics: 1.25 mg·kg−1 every 12 h (maximum 125 mg per dose) |
| AMS treatmentc | Oral | 250 mg every 12 h Pediatrics: 2.5 mg·kg−1 every 12 h (maximum: 250 mg per dose) | |
| Dexamethasone | AMS, HACE prevention | Oral | 2 mg every 6 h or 4 mg every 12 ha Pediatrics: should not be used for prophylaxis |
| AMS, HACE treatment | Oral, IV, IM | AMS: 4 mg every 6 h HACE: 8 mg once then 4 mg every 6 h Pediatrics: 0.15 mg·kg−1·dose−1 every 6 h (maximum: 4 mg per dose) | |
| Ibuprofen | HAH treatment | Oral | 600 mg every 8 h |
| Nifedipine | HAPE prevention | Oral | 30 mg ER version every 12 h or 20 mg ER version every 8 hd |
| HAPE treatment | Oral | 30 mg ER version every 12 h or 20 mg ER version every 8 h | |
| Tadalafil | HAPE prevention | Oral | 10 mg every 12 hd |
| Sildenafil | HAPE prevention | Oral | 50 mg every 8 hd |
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