從事戶外工作虎頭蜂螫危害預防指引
勞動部職業安全衛生署 104 年 2 月 17 日勞職綜 3 字第 1041003176 號函訂定
發布單位：職業衛生健康組
發布日期：109-04-24
點閱次數：11,731
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七、虎頭蜂螫後的現場緊急處置
(一) 遭虎頭蜂螫傷，患部可能會留下螫針，離開現場後應立即檢 視，在被螫傷的部分，找出蜂刺，用針頭鑷子或針挑，不要 用手擠壓傷口，以減低毒液進入體內之量。部份人員被螫傷 之後 10-30 分鐘會出現蕁麻疹，此時可考慮送醫
(通風涼爽環境並不影響蜂螫處置)
(二) 虎頭蜂螫之病程進展為：劇烈疼痛→腫脹→搔癢→症狀消除； 程度會隨個人體質、蜂種、螫刺數等因子而不同，冰敷螫傷 處可減輕疼痛及腫脹，但患者如出現暈眩、心悸、呼吸困難 等症狀，務必緊急送醫。
(三) 蜂螫後應特別注意是否出現過敏性休克症狀(建議改為出現全身性嚴重過敏反應,相關筆記看這)，少數對蜂毒過 敏的人可能短時間內產生休克反應，現場可由急救防護員施 打腎上腺素，立即送醫。
(四) 民間流傳的尿液、姑婆芋汁液等，可中和蜂毒液及緩解虎頭 蜂螫傷，不過均未經過科學驗證，若身處野外又缺乏急救資 源時，可嘗試之。
(五) 由於蜂螫致過敏性休克死亡，多在送達醫院前即發生，因此 在美國建議
美國疾管局－NIOSH Fast Facts: Protecting Yourself from Stinging Insects
Flying Insects
Outdoor workers are at risk of being stung by flying insects (bees, wasps, and hornets) and fire ants. While most stings cause only mild discomfort, some may result in severe allergic reactions that require immediate medical care and may cause death.
First Aid
If a worker is stung by a stinging insect:
Have someone stay with the worker to be sure that they do not have an allergic reaction.
Wash the site with soap and water.
Remove the stinger using gauze wiped over the area or by scraping a fingernail over the area.
Wash the site with soap and water.
Remove the stinger using gauze wiped over the area or by scraping a fingernail over the area.
Never squeeze the stinger or use tweezers.
Apply ice to reduce swelling.
Do not scratch the sting as this may increase swelling, itching, and risk of infection.
Apply ice to reduce swelling.
Do not scratch the sting as this may increase swelling, itching, and risk of infection.
Protect Yourself
Wear light-colored, smooth-finished clothing.
Avoid perfumed soaps, shampoos, and deodorants.Do not wear cologne or perfume.
Wear clean clothing and bathe daily.
Wear clothing to cover as much of the body as possible.
Avoid flowering plants when possible.
Keep work areas clean. Some insects are attracted to discarded food.
Remain calm and still if a single stinging insect is flying around. (Swatting may cause it to sting.)
If attacked by several stinging insects, run to get away. (Bees release a chemical when they sting, which attracts other bees.)
Avoid perfumed soaps, shampoos, and deodorants.Do not wear cologne or perfume.
Wear clean clothing and bathe daily.
Wear clothing to cover as much of the body as possible.
Avoid flowering plants when possible.
Keep work areas clean. Some insects are attracted to discarded food.
Remain calm and still if a single stinging insect is flying around. (Swatting may cause it to sting.)
If attacked by several stinging insects, run to get away. (Bees release a chemical when they sting, which attracts other bees.)
Go indoors.
Shaded areas are better than open areas.
Do not jump into water. Some insects (ex. Africanized honey bees) are known to hover above the water.
If an insect is inside your vehicle, stop slowly, and open all the windows.
Workers with a history of severe allergic reactions to insect bites or stings should carry an epinephrine autoinjector and wear medical ID jewelry stating their allergy.
Shaded areas are better than open areas.
Do not jump into water. Some insects (ex. Africanized honey bees) are known to hover above the water.
If an insect is inside your vehicle, stop slowly, and open all the windows.
Workers with a history of severe allergic reactions to insect bites or stings should carry an epinephrine autoinjector and wear medical ID jewelry stating their allergy.
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