類固醇用於氣喘急性發作. 通常需要數小時才能發揮效果, 口服或靜脈注射療效差異不大.
參考資料. 這篇研究說四小時
2014年Corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma)
Current guidelines recommend that patients with moderate exacerbation should receive three doses of inhaled or nebulized β2-agonist every 15-20 min in the 1st h.[22] Additional doses may be repeated in the next 2-3 h every 30-60 min. All those patients should be treated with systemic corticosteroids at a dose of 2 mg/kg or a maximum dose of 80 mg early in the course of management as it takes at least 4 h to start working.[23] Doses more than 80 mg will not confer any additional benefit. Systemic corticosteroids were found to speed resolution of symptoms, decrease the rate of admission and decrease the rate of relapse if administered for 3-5 days after the acute exacerbation. More detailed discussion about the use of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma can be found below.
氣喘患者的細支氣管黏膜增厚. 會造成通道狹窄. 細支氣管的管徑若減少50%, 氣道截面積會減少75%, 細支氣管外側還有一層平滑肌組織. 當肌肉收縮時, 會造成通道阻塞. 此時使用氣管擴張劑. 可放鬆最外層的平滑肌, 但擴張劑無法消除黏膜增厚的問題. 需要靠類固醇(口服或吸入)才能將黏膜消腫.
類固醇能降低氣喘再發的機率, 降低住院機率.
圖片來自
氣喘患者的支氣管黏膜會增厚. 急性發作的時候. 支氣管外層的肌肉收縮. 此時使用氣管擴張劑可以放鬆呼吸道肌肉.但黏膜消腫需使用類固醇. 才能將黏膜回復到接近正常人的狀態
Current guidelines recommend that patients with moderate exacerbation should receive three doses of inhaled or nebulized β2-agonist every 15-20 min in the 1st h.[22] Additional doses may be repeated in the next 2-3 h every 30-60 min. All those patients should be treated with systemic corticosteroids at a dose of 2 mg/kg or a maximum dose of 80 mg early in the course of management as it takes at least 4 h to start working.[23] Doses more than 80 mg will not confer any additional benefit. Systemic corticosteroids were found to speed resolution of symptoms, decrease the rate of admission and decrease the rate of relapse if administered for 3-5 days after the acute exacerbation. More detailed discussion about the use of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma can be found below.
氣喘患者的細支氣管黏膜增厚. 會造成通道狹窄. 細支氣管的管徑若減少50%, 氣道截面積會減少75%, 細支氣管外側還有一層平滑肌組織. 當肌肉收縮時, 會造成通道阻塞. 此時使用氣管擴張劑. 可放鬆最外層的平滑肌, 但擴張劑無法消除黏膜增厚的問題. 需要靠類固醇(口服或吸入)才能將黏膜消腫.
類固醇能降低氣喘再發的機率, 降低住院機率.
圖片來自
氣喘患者的支氣管黏膜會增厚. 急性發作的時候. 支氣管外層的肌肉收縮. 此時使用氣管擴張劑可以放鬆呼吸道肌肉.但黏膜消腫需使用類固醇. 才能將黏膜回復到接近正常人的狀態
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