高血壓 高尿酸 慢性腎病 胰島素 https://2019medicinenote.blogspot.com/2019/12/blog-post_57.html . 糖尿病相關筆記~目錄 https://2019medicinenote.blogspot.com/2020/01/blog-post_4.html

2026年8月9日 星期日

Wellens syndrome: critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis EKG具特徵性

2026-08-10
Wellens syndrome EKG(維基百科)特徵
雙相性T波以及對稱倒深T波
特別是在V2及V3導極上
意義: 冠狀動脈左前降支近端存在嚴重狹窄,易發生廣泛前壁心肌梗死。

Rhinehart等人在2002年對該症候群進行下列描述[5]

  • V2、V3雙極性T波或倒深T波(可能延伸至V1-6)
  • ST段微幅(< 1mm)或沒有升高
  • 胸前導極無Q波出現
  • R波遞增(R wave progression)正常
  • 近期有心絞痛病史
  • 該心電圖變化通常發生於無痛期(pain-free state)
  • 心臟酵素正常或微幅上升



Wellens' syndrome is an electrocardiographic manifestation of critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis in people with unstable angina. Originally thought of as two separate types, A and B, it is now considered an evolving wave form, initially of biphasic T wave inversions and later becoming symmetrical, often deep (>2 mm), T wave inversions in the anterior precordial leads.[1]

First described by Hein J. J. Wellens and colleagues in 1982 in a subgroup of people with unstable angina,[2] it does not seem to be rare, appearing in 18% of patients in his original study. A subsequent prospective study identified this syndrome in 14% of patients at presentation and 60% of patients within the first 24 hours.[3]

The presence of Wellens' syndrome carries significant diagnostic and prognostic value. All people in the De Zwann's study with characteristic findings had more than 50% stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (mean = 85% stenosis) with complete or near-complete occlusion in 59%. In the original Wellens' study group, 75% of those with the typical syndrome manifestations had an anterior myocardial infarction. Sensitivity and specificity for significant (more or equal to 70%) stenosis of the LAD artery was found to be 69% and 89%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 86%.[4]

Wellens' sign has also been seen as a rare presentation of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or stress cardiomyopathy.[c


下面轉貼自張志華醫師臉書


 中年女性在家胸痛約30分鐘且冒冷汗,來到急診時已經沒有症狀,troponin也正常。學生問:「是不是該安排個跑步心電圖確定一下比較好?」

請問你如何回答,為什麼呢?什麼診斷?
—-
答案:絕對不能安排跑步心電圖!這是 Wellens syndrome 的禁忌,做了可能直接在運動中誘發 anterior STEMI 甚至猝死。
診斷: Wellens syndrome = 高風險 NSTE-ACS(不穩定性心絞痛),代表 LAD 近端嚴重狹窄(通常 ≥70–90%),俗稱 widow maker 前驅表現。
為什麼不能做運動測試:
- Wellens 的 T 波變化(V2–V3 深倒 T 或雙相 T)本身就是「嚴重 LAD 病灶」的標記,診斷已經成立,不需要、也無法靠跑步機「確認」
- 現在的「無症狀 + troponin 正常」是假性穩定:典型病程是疼痛時心電圖反而暫時「偽正常化」,痛緩解後 T 波才倒下去,胸痛好轉不代表危機解除
- 運動會增加心肌耗氧,在臨界 LAD 狹窄下,誘發 anterior STEMI、VF 的風險極高(臨床有運動測試中猝死的案例)
- ACC/AHA、ESC 指引皆列:高風險 ACS / 不穩定心絞痛期間,運動負荷測試為絕對禁忌,Wellens 是教科書級的範例
正確處置(下一步立即執行):
- 收入院 + CCU 監測,serial troponin(仍可能緩慢上升)
- 24–48 小時內做冠狀動脈攝影(CAG)+ 支架置入,及早 PCI 預後極佳,拖延不處理則短期內 anterior MI 發生率高(文獻上未介入者多數在數天至數週內進展為前壁 MI)
- 積極抗血小板/抗凝血,但避免過度降壓,維持冠脈灌注
一句話教學生:Wellens 是「心電圖看起來很平靜、其實心肌正在懸崖邊」的狀態!處置是送導管室,不是送跑步機。

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