對於健康成人或免疫功能不全的人, 抗病毒藥物治療水痘感染很有效.
ANTIVIRAL THERAPYAcyclovir and its analogues (valacyclovir, famciclovir) are effective for the treatment of primary varicella in both healthy and immunocompromised hosts [4-11]. Higher doses of acyclovir are used to treat VZV compared with herpes simplex virus (HSV). VZV is less susceptible to acyclovir, and 50 percent inhibition of VZV replication requires about 10-fold higher levels of acyclovir than those typically required for HSV [8,12]. Acyclovir and its analogues are dependent upon renal function for clearance and dose adjustment is needed in moderate to severe renal insufficiency.
成人口服抗病毒藥耐受性通常不錯.
Oral agents are generally very well tolerated, especially in adults; however, gastrointestinal side effects or headache may occur. Acyclovir is also available in an intravenous form which can cause local reactions (phlebitis) and reversible acute kidney injury. Risk factors for acute kidney injury include dehydration, failure to dose adjust for reduced kidney function, and overly rapid infusion (eg, <1 hour) [13]. In addition, for obese adults, weight-based dosing should be scaled to ideal body weight (IBW) rather than actual body weight (ABW) to avoid an increased risk of toxicity (calculator 1).
Additional discussions on the use of acyclovir and its analogues are found in the Lexicomp drug information topics within UpToDate and within individual topic reviews.
Additional discussions on the use of acyclovir and its analogues are found in the Lexicomp drug information topics within UpToDate and within individual topic reviews.
